Abstract Aims Low socio-economic status is a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but the evidence concerning social network has been less consistent. In this prospective cohort study of men we sought to estimate the impact of social network factors on the risk of incident coronary heart disease and mortality from all causes. Methods and results In a population of 741 men aged 50 at baseline 92 new cases of coronary disease were identified over a follow-up period of 15 years. Social factors included occupational class, two measures of social support—‘emotional attachment’ and ‘social integration’ and a measure of global mental stress.

Compared with men in the highest occupational class, men with intermediate non-manual occupations had a multiple-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.98–1.67, lower officials and foremen had an HR of 1.57 (1.22–2.03), semiskilled and skilled workers 1.48 (1.15–1.89), and unskilled. Operations Manual For Rosengrens Sweden. Are you sure you want to continue? Eliminar colecci. However, it looks like you listened to.

Among the men in the lowest quartile of social integration, there were 13.6 cases (per 1000 observation years), compared to 8.9 in the intermediate two quartiles and 6.0 in the highest quartile ( P for trend 0.003). After adjustment for all relevant risk factors the hazard ratio (HR) for the highest, compared with the lowest, quartile was 0.45 (0.24–0.84); P for trend 0.013. Emotional attachment was also associated with significantly reduced risk. The adjusted HR for the lowest quartile was 0.58 (0.37–0.91); P=0.019. No relation between mental stress and risk of CHD, or between low occupational class and risk of CHD was found. Conclusion In this prospective study of men, we found two dimensions of low social support—low social integration and low emotional attachment—to be predictive of coronary morbidity, independently of other risk factors. Relations between major biological and lifestyle risk factors at baseline and coronary disease were in the expected direction with respect to serum lipids, systolic blood pressure and smoking ().

Severe stress was not significantly associated with all-cause mortality or with coronary disease. Coronary disease decreased with increased social integration across grades 1 to 3, but there was no significant association with death from all causes ( P=0.06). Low emotional attachment was associated both with increased risk of coronary disease ( P=0.03) and of dying ( P=0.0004). Parisienne Moonlight Piano Pdf. There was a strong inverse association between all-cause mortality and occupational class ( P. Number at risk Coronary disease duringfollow-up, cases per 1000person years ( n) Deaths from anycause, per 1000person years ( n) Serum cholesterol, mmol/l 7 151 17.1 (34) 9.5 (20) P value for trend 2 132 14.9 (26) 10.9 (20) P value for trend 160, or DBP >95, or treatment) 199 13.5 (36) 7.8 (22) P value for trend 0.036 0.56 Body mass index, kg*m −2 0.96 245 10.3 (34) 9.3 (32) P value for trend 0.067 0.35 Smoking No 473 7.2 (48) 4.5 (31) Yes 267 12.9 (44) 14.6 (53) P value 0.003. Number at risk Coronary disease duringfollow-up, cases per 1000person years ( n) Deaths from anycause, per 1000person years ( n) Serum cholesterol, mmol/l 7 151 17.1 (34) 9.5 (20) P value for trend 2 132 14.9 (26) 10.9 (20) P value for trend 160, or DBP >95, or treatment) 199 13.5 (36) 7.8 (22) P value for trend 0.036 0.56 Body mass index, kg*m −2 0.96 245 10.3 (34) 9.3 (32) P value for trend 0.067 0.35 Smoking No 473 7.2 (48) 4.5 (31) Yes 267 12.9 (44) 14.6 (53) P value 0.003.

To examine the effects of low social integration and low emotional support on coronary disease while taking other risk factors into consideration, hazard ratios were calculated with and without adjustment for these factors (). The unadjusted hazard ratios for high and intermediate, compared to low integration, was 0.63 (0.39–1.00) and 0.40 (0.22–0.75); P for trend 0.003. We adjusted for smoking, physical activity, serum cholesterol, serum triglyceride, systolic blood pressure, BMI, diabetes and family history of CHD. After adjustment the hazard ratio for the highest group changed only comparatively little, to 0.45 (0.24–0.84) and the trend was still significant ( P=0.013). Find Non Ascii Characters In Text File Notepad Online. High emotional attachment also exerted a protective effect; HR 0.61 (0.39–0.95) unadjusted, P=0.029 and after adjustment 0.58 (0.37–0.91) P=0.019. The inclusion or exclusion of variables in the model was not critical for the estimates of hazard ratios associated with high social integration or emotional attachment, which changed only minimally, whichever set of variables were used, and remained similar if stress and/or occupational class were introduced into the model.